Bunions

Bunions are an enlargement of bone at the base of the big toe. 

• Bunions form when the toe moves out of place.
• The enlargement and its protuberance cause friction and pressure as they rub against footwear.
• Over time, the movement of the big toe angles in toward the other toes, sometimes overlapping a third toe (known as Hallux Valgus).
• The growing enlargement or protuberance then causes more irritation or inflammation.
• In some cases, the big toe moves toward the second toe and rotates or twists, which is known as Hallus Abducto Valgus.
• Bunions can also lead to other toe deformities, such as hammertoe.

Many people with bunions suffer from discomfort and pain from the constant irritation, rubbing, and friction of the enlargement against shoes. 

• The skin over the toe becomes red and tender.
• Because this joint flexes with every step, the bigger the bunion gets, the more it hurts to walk.
• Over time, bursitis or arthritis may set in, the skin on the bottom of the foot may become thicker, and everyday walking may become difficult—all contributing to chronic pain.

Bunions are hereditary in most cases and can be aggravated by shoes rather than caused by shoes.
Foot injuries, neuromuscular problems, flat feet, and pronated feet can contribute to their formation.
It is estimated that bunions occur in 33 percent of the population in Western countries. 

Treatment for Bunions 

Because they are bone deformities, bunions do not resolve by themselves. The goal for bunion treatment is twofold: first, to relieve the pressure and pain caused by irritations, and second to stop any progressive growth of the enlargement. Commonly used methods for reducing pressure and pain caused by bunions include:

• Protective padding, often made from felt material, to eliminate the friction against shoes and help alleviate inflammation and skin problems.
• Removal of corns and calluses on the foot.
• Changing to carefully fitted footwear designed to accommodate the bunion and not contribute toward its growth.
• Orthotic devices—both over-the-counter and custom made—to help stabilize the joint and place the foot in the correct position for walking and standing.
• Exercises to maintain joint mobility and prevent stiffness or arthritis.
• Splints for nighttime wear to help the toes and joint align properly. This is often recommended for adolescents with bunions, because their bone development may still be adaptable. 

Surgical Treatment 

Depending on the size of the enlargement, misalignment of the toe, and pain experienced, conservative treatments may not be adequate to prevent progressive damage from bunions. In these cases, bunion surgery, known as a bunionectomy, may be advised to remove the bunion and realign the toe.

If you have any questions regarding your feet, please don't hesitate to contact our Family Foot Care at 704-786-4482 or visit our website at  http://www.familyfootcare.info/.